Assalaam Alaikum - Peace be upon you
To which the reply is:
Wa Alaikum assalaam - And peace be upon you
This phrase will be used in many different contexts when meeting people.
Marhabbah - Hello
to which the reply is:
Marhabbteen - Hello
This is probably the equivalent of saying Hi! 
Sabah al khair - Good Morning
To which the reply is:
Sabah al noor
Masah al khair - Good Afternoon / Evening
To which the reply is:
Masah al noor
Shukran (jazeelan) - Thank you (very much) 
To which the reply is:
Aafwaan - You're welcome
An alternative to Shukran is Mushkoor
Ahlan wa sahlan -Welcome
To which the reply is:
Ahlan beek (to a male) 
Ahlan beech (to a female)
Ahlan beekum (to a group)
- Welcome to you 
This is usually used in introductions
Keef haluk? - How are you?
Sometimes shortened to Keefak
To which the reply is:
Al hamdu lillah (bi khair) - Praise be to Allah (well)
This should be the usual reply.
You could use:
Ana bikhayr, shukran - I am fine, thank you
Weyn inta - Literally, Where are you?
But probably equivalent to Long time no see
Occasionally you will hear:
Shu-ukhbaarak - What's your news? 
- which you would reply to in the normal way
Aysh ismuk - What is your name?
Ismi Jason - My name is Jason
Titakellem ingleezi - Do you speak English?
Ana la atakellem al arabi - I don't speak Arabic
Terrref arabi? - Do you know Arabic
Atakullum inglieezi - I speak English
Inta min weyn? - Where are you from?
Ana min ingliterra - I'm from England
Umreeka - USA
Oostraaalia - Australia
Al imaraaat - UAE
Wa inta? - And you?
Maasalaamah - Goodbye
To which the reply is:
Fi aman allah or Maasalaamah
Inshallah - If Allah wishes
This phrase is used in reference to a future, since all things are at Allah's will. 
So if you say, see you tomorrow, you might be replied with Inshallah. 
Indeed, it is used in numerous contexts. 
You'll send me the report tomorrow? - Inshallah. 
Maashallah - What Allah wishes
This is used when complimenting something, usually in the context of family or health. 
Mabrook - Congratulations
This is used in any congratulatory context, more so than you would use in English. 
Naam - Yes
Aywa - Yeah/OK
La - No
Min fudluk - Please
Shoo? - What?
Shoofi mafi? - What's up? or What's the matter?
Shoo hada? - What is this?
Mafi mushkil - No problem
Itfudul - Be my guest / My pleasure
Tamaam - Perfect 
Baadin - Later
Dilwaati - Now 
Ilyoum - Today 
Bukra - Tomorrow 
Ashoofook bukra - See you tomorrow 
Aadhi - It's normal
Jebli shai - Bring me some tea 
Kallemni - Call me / Talk to me 
Ma adhri - I dont know 
Maa-i-khussni - It's not my problem 
Inta kida - Thumbs up 
Intaa tabaan - Thumbs down 
Areed areef - I want to know 
Mumken asaduq - Can I help you?
Sida - Straight 
Yasar - Left 
Yameen - Right 
Tabaan - Of course 
Andi - I have 
Kam - How much
Affwaan - Excuse me
Kull - Everything
When you sneeze you say 
Al hamdu lillah
To which someone will say
Yer humkullah
And you will say again 
Yer hamna wa yer humkum
Kalas - Finish 
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